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Some individuals liken it to having a horde of insects dancing up and down their legs. Others describe the
feeling as a pulling, tingling sensation--sometimes in the ankles and arms, as well as the legs. All of these
are symptoms of a troublesome sleep-related disorder known as restless legs syndrome (RLS).
According to the National Center on Sleep Disorders Research (NCSDR) at the National Institutes of
Health (NIH), RLS performs its fiendish act primarily during phases of relaxation and decreased activity--most notably the period before going to sleep.
Often during sleep, the individual experiences periodic jerking movements of the legs, which disturbs both
the afflicted as well as his or her bed partner.
The uncomfortable sensations prior to nodding off create an urge to move the legs--doing so, by walking
or massaging them, temporarily provides relief. But symptoms almost always return, often during times of
stress.
What's behind RLS? "We're not really sure. Its cause is unknown. There's some indication of a genetic
basis for restless legs syndrome, but right now we're merely trying to understand more about it. We need
more studies in this area," said Dr. James P. Kiley, Director, NCSDR, part of NIH's National Heart, Lung,
and Blood Institute.
A physician needs to do a thorough exam to determine any causes for RLS, such as an iron or vitamin
deficiency, which can be easily treated. For mild cases of RLS of unknown origin, certain lifestyle
changes are advised. It may help to massage the legs or take a warm bath before retiring for the night.
Exercise or muscle relaxation techniques may also be useful in temporarily alleviating or reducing
symptoms. Meanwhile, The National Center on Sleep Disorders Research also suggests eliminating
alcohol and caffeine. For more troublesome symptoms, certain medicines, such as the benzodiazepines,
sometimes prescribed along with other drugs, may offer symptomatic relief, although they can cause
daytime drowsiness, especially in older individuals. --a report from the NIH Word on Health, June 1998
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